Students & Parents

 

https://www.fns.usda.gov/school-meals/translated-applications

Free and Reduced Lunch Information (PDF)

 

Early Childhood and Elementary

Middle School and High School

Breakfast Full Price	Free	Breakfast Full Price Free	Free
Lunch Full Price	$1.95	Lunch Full Price	$2.05
Lunch Reduced	$0.40	Lunch Reduced	$0.40
Milk - $.60 / carton		Milk - $.60 / carton
Adult Meal
Breakfast	2.00	Lunch	$3.15

 

 

Early Childhood Menu

Elementary Menu

Middle School Menu

High School Menu

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Click on the link to go to menus or click on each picture for specific menus.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

/uploaded/schools/IC/pdf/District_Approved_Peanut_Free_Snack_List_2018-2019.pdf

Center School District students benefit from a nutritious morning meal throughout the school year thanks to a grant awarded by the Partners for Breakfast in the Classroom. Center School District was selected based on the number of students that qualify for free or reduced priced meals, average daily participation in the school breakfast program, and district and school-level support. More than 2,600 Center School District students can now participate in the free breakfast program.

Center School District was selected to participate in the fourth phase of the Partners for Breakfast in the Classroom program, which is a joint initiative from the Food Research & Action Center (FRAC), National Association of Elementary School Principals Foundation (NAESPF), the School Nutrition Foundation (SNF), and The NEA Foundation National Education Association– collectively known as the Partners for Breakfast in the Classroom.

Skipping breakfast, which is a common habit among tweens and teens, has been linked with a number of detrimental effects on health, wellness, and behavior. The program reworks how school breakfast is delivered by offering it to all students at no charge in an effort to improve participation in the federally-funded School Breakfast Program and boost learning and health.

"Studies show that students who eat breakfast at school have a better attendance rate and tend to have the capacity to focus and be engaged learners," said Dr. Sharon Nibbelink, Superintendent of Center School District. "At Center School District, our goal is to take care of our students and families. We're excited to work with the Partners for Breakfast in the Classroom to make a morning meal available to all students. Hunger can be an obstacle for some of our students. With this program, our district hopes we can start to address this overwhelming need."

While most U.S. schools offer meal programs, many students do not participate in cafeteria-based school breakfast programs because of bus schedules, late arrivals to school, pressure to go directly to class or reluctance to be labeled as "low income." In fact, before the Partners for Breakfast in the Classroom initiative launched in Center School District data showed 87.5 % of students were qualified for free and reduced-price meals, yet only 30 percent were eating the breakfast available to them.

The Partners for Breakfast in the Classroom selected districts from ten states to participate in the program based on need and potential for success. The other states participating in the program are: Idaho, Louisiana, Mississippi, Nebraska, North Carolina, Ohio, Oklahoma, Texas and Utah. As more schools adopt the Breakfast in the Classroom approach, the Partners for Breakfast in the Classroom anticipate participation in the federally-funded School Breakfast Program will increase, helping reduce hunger and improve educational achievement nationwide.

In addition to the Breakfast in the Classroom program, Center Middle School is also participating in a one-of-a-kind study being conducted by researchers from Purdue University and supported by the Egg Nutrition Center. This study, Egg-cellent Breakfast in the Classroom, will take a closer look at how a protein-rich breakfast can impact students' health and well-being. The purpose of this study is to specifically test whether a protein-rich breakfast increases school breakfast participation and breakfast consumption; improves appetite control, mood, and cognitive performance; decreases unhealthy snacking behavior; and/or decreases breakfast waste.

For questions about Breakfast in the Classroom please contact Center's Wellness Coordinator:

Michelle Kruse, RDN, LD

816.349.3339 (office)

mkruse@center.k12.mo.us

So Happy App ( PDF)

THE APP IS NOW AVAILABLE AS A FREE DOWNLOAD ON THE APP STORE & GOOGLE PLAY,

Instructions:

Syncing accounts will allow students and parents to share meal choices and a daily activity recap:

1. If your student downloaded the app, they’ll have a QR code under the “Profile” tab on their app.

Choose “Scan QR” to link the accounts.

2. Choose “My child hasn’t created an account” to skip this syncing step.

Note: If you choose not to sync to your child’s account, you’ll need to setup a basic profile for them on your app after the “Select Your Allergens” step

Early Childhood Family Manual (PDF)

Elementary Student-Parent Manual (PDF)

Middle School Student-Parent Manual (PDF)

Early Childhood (pdf)
Boone Elementary (pdf)
Center Elementary (pdf)
Indian Creek (pdf)
Red Bridge Elementary (pdf)
Center Middle School (pdf)
Center Alternative School (pdf)
High School (pdf)

 To log on to the parent portal use the link below.

https://mocloud1.infinitecampus.org/campus/portal/center.jsp

 

Each school has a parent -teacher unit. Parents are encouraged to support the organization in their building in the realization of its objectives:

• To promote the welfare of children and youth in home, school, and community.
• To raise the standard of home life.
• To secure adequate laws for the care and protection of children and youth.
• To bring into closer relation the home and the school that parents and teachers may cooperate intelligently in the training of the child.
• To develop between educators and the general public such as united efforts as will secure for every child the highest advantages in physical, mental social and spiritual education.

Every Student Succeeds Act of 2015 (ESSA)
COMPLAINT PROCEDURES

Trauma-Informed Initiative Publication:
Senate Bill 638 (2016) required the Department of Elementary and Secondary Education (DESE) to create a website about the trauma-informed schools initiative that includes information for schools and parents regarding the trauma-informed approach and a guide for schools on how to become trauma-informed schools. Click here for the web site.

Please click here for Center Elementary's uniform attire.

Please click here for Indian Creek Elementary's uniform attire.

Elementary Student Websites

6th Grade Resources (Link)

CMS Student Websites

CAS Student Websites

CHS Student Websites

Board of Education policy and state law require that all students attending the Center School District be permanently domiciled and living within the boundaries of the school district. Students must live with their parent(s) or legal guardian(s).

Guardianship

Any student wishing to enroll who is domiciled with a guardian residing in the school district will submit a legal document showing court appointed guardianship.

The custody of a child is presumed to be held by the child’s parents unless a court order states otherwise. Even in divorce situations, it is presumed that both parents will have joint legal custody of the child. That is, they will share equally in all important decisions such as medical and educational. If one parent informs the school district that the other parent has been denied custody or visitation, that parent must provide a copy of the court document as proof.

 

2018-2019

New Family Online Registration

 

Any family that did not complete the 2017-2018 school year in the Center School District is classified as a new family. This would include families that attended Center School District a portion of the last school year or attended the Center School District prior to the 2017-2018 school year.

 

Steps for NEW Families Completing the OLR

1. Beginning July 2nd, the parent/legal guardian of a NEW student will go to the OLR link.
2. Complete all the screens ensuring each field is filled out.
3. Once all fields have been entered, submit your application
4. An email will be sent advising you to attend a registration session to verify residency and guardianship

 

It is the parent/legal guardian’s responsibility to contact the school their child will be attending for further enrollment information.

The OLR, verification of residency, and other required documents need to be submitted by August 12, 2018 in order for your child to start the first day of school for the 2018-19 school year.

 

 

Please Bring the Following Documents to One of the Registration Sessions

• Parent/Legal Guardian’s photo ID
• Child's proof of age
  • A copy of an official birth certificate or other official document must be provided with the following information:
    • Child’s Legal Name
    • Child’s Date of Birth
    • Parent(s) Name
    To obtain a birth certificate, contact the state in which the student was born. In Missouri, contact Jackson County Health Department at (816) 881-4424.

     

• Current immunization records
• Any legal documents pertaining to the child (custody papers, guardianship documents, ex parte orders, foster care placement, or division of family services paperwork)
• Two of the following documents within 30 days that include the parent/legal guardian’s name and address. One bill must be a utility. No disconnect or final notices will be accepted
  • Utility bill-KCPL, Spire, KC Water bill, AUM Water Bill
  • Landline phone bill
  • Documents from DFS or Social Services
  • Paycheck Stub

 

 

FAQ (Frequently Asked Questions) Regarding Registration

 

Q: I do not know my parent portal account information. How do I enroll my child?
A: Please click and follow directions for “forgot password” or “forgot username”.

Q. My children have been attending Center School District, how do I add a new student(incoming kindergartner, sibling/step child that has not attended the district before) to the online registration?
A: Go to the returning student tab, fill out all of the information for your current students and then click add a new student to enroll your child that has not attended the district before.

Q: I have completed the online registration, so is my child ready to start on the first day of school?
A: No, online registration does not complete the registration process. After your application has been submitted, an email will be sent advising if your application is approved or if more information is needed. You are also welcome to visit one of the following registration sessions to complete your residency requirements:

 

Q: What is the cut off for my child to be able to start the first day of school?
A: The OLR, verification of residency, and other required documents need to be submitted by August 12, 2018 in order for your child to start the first day of school for the 2018-19 school year.

Q: Do I have to verify my residency each year for my returning student?
A: Yes, Residency must be verified every year for each student in the district, however, you are welcome to upload your residency information into one file with your online enrollment application.

Q: Will Center School District accept power of attorney for guardianship?
A: No, Center will not accept power of attorney. You must have legal guardianship over the student to enroll.

Q: I am the step parent of the child, can I verify residency and complete the online registration for the student?
A: No, Center School District requires that the person completing the online registration and verifying residency of the child be either the parent (on the birth certificate) or legal guardian.

 

Q: How do I verify my residency if I live with someone else within the district and I have no bills in my name?
A: If you are not able to secure residency within the district and reside with someone else within the district, please print and complete both affidavits located on the Center School District website. These must be notarized prior to making an appointment at Central Office to verify residency and meet with a social worker. Please note if you have a multi-family situation, this process will take considerably longer.

Q: What items are needed for residency?

• Child’s Proof of Age
• Immunization records
• Any legal documents pertaining to the child (custody papers, guardianship documents, ex parte orders, foster care placement, or division of family services paperwork)
• Parent/Legal Guardian’s photo ID
• Two of the following documents dated within the past 30 days that include the parent/legal guardian’s name and address. (one has to be a primary utility bill)
  • Utility bill-KCPL, Spire, KC Water bill, AUM Water Bill
  • Landline phone bill
  • Documents from DFS or Social Services
  • Paycheck Stub

 

Q: Where can I fill out the free and reduced lunch form?
A: If your child attends, Center High School, Center Middle School, Red Bridge Elementary, or Boone Elementary, you will need fill out the free and reduced lunch form. This can be found on the parent portal site, left hand side under forms.

Q: How do I know if I have completed the online registration process?
A: An email will be sent from our registration department advising if your application has been approved or if more information is required.

Q: How do I know if I reside within the Center School District boundaries?
A: The district map and boundaries can be found on the Center School District website under Registration.

Q: I have additional questions, who can I contact?
A: Sarah Hunter at 818-349-3300 or Jackie Williamson at JWilliamson@center.k12.mo.us

Below is information on the portion of the bill that MUST be seen when uploading. The image must also be clear.

 

 

Sample KCP&L Bill	Sample Spire Bill	Sample KC Water Bill	Sample AT&T Landline Bill

How To Upload Residency Documents

The online registration system allows RETURNING families to upload their verification of residency information to the student tab.

* If you have multiple students in the district, in the student section of the application, parents can upload one bill in one student's file and another bill in the other student's file.

OR

* If you have one student in the district, please take ONE picture of TWO of your bills (one must be an approved utility bill), ensuring that the parent/legal guardians name, address and the date are visible on the bill.

Sample of Upload:

OR

*You are welcome to email a copy of the bills to residency@center.k12.mo.us. Please make sure your application number is included in the email.

OR

*The parent/legal guardian may attend one of the registration sessions to verify residency.
Please bring the following if attending a registration session:

• Application Number
• Parent/Legal Guardian’s photo ID
• Two of the following documents within 30 days that include the parent/legal guardian’s name and address. One bill must be a utility. No disconnect or final notices will be accepted.
  • Utility bill-KCPL, Spire, KC Water bill, AUM Water Bill
  • Landline phone bill
  • Documents from DFS or Social Services
  • Paycheck Stub

Multifamily Affidavits- Please see FAQs for detailed information. Both affidavits are required.

• Parent/Guardian Affidavit (PDF)
• Resident/Landlord/Utility Holder Affidavit (PDF)

If you have questions about applying for an intra-district transfer, please contact Stacy King at 816-349-3311.

 

2018-2019

Returning Families Online Registration

Any family that ended the 2017-2018 school year in the Center School District is classified as a returning family. If you have a student in your family that did not attend during the 2017-2018 school year, but will attend the 2018-2019 school year, you have the option to add the student during the returning family OLR process. In such situations, you are required to come to a clinic to provide proof of age and guardianship of the new student.

Items required for completing the OLR process:

 

 

• The parent/legal guardian will need their parent portal login information
• Any legal documents pertaining to the child (custody papers, guardianship documents, ex parte orders, foster care placement, or division of family services paperwork)
• Two of the following documents dated within 30 days that include the parent/legal guardian’s name and address. One bill must be a utility. No disconnect or final notices will be accepted.
  • • Utility bill-KCPL, Spire, KC Water bill, AUM Water Bill
    • Landline phone bill
    • Documents from DFS or Social Services
    • Paycheck Stub

 

Steps for RETURNING Families Completing the OLR

1.Beginning July 2nd, the parent/legal guardian of a RETURNING student will go to parent portal

1. • • If you do not know your parent portal username and password, click on the “Forgot Password” or “Forgot Username”.

2. After you log in, please select 2018-2019 Online Registration on the left side of the menu.
3. Continue through all the screens ensuring each field is filled out.
4. Upload two current (within 30 days) utility bills ensuring parent/guardians name, address and date are visible. 
5. Once all fields have been entered, submit your application
6. An email will be sent advising if your application is approved or if more information is required.

 

 

*Information on how to upload residency documents can be found under "How To Upload Residency Documents".

 

It is the parent/legal guardian’s responsibility to contact the school their child will be attending for further enrollment information.

 

The OLR, verification of residency, and other required documents need to be submitted by August 12, 2018 in order for your child to start the first day of school for the 2018-19 school year.

 

 

 

Center School District is proud to announce that Student Transportation of America (STA) will continue to serve as our bus company. Their offices are located at 8701 Holmes Rd in the bus barn on Troost Ave. side of the property line.

STA is a subsidiary of Student Transportation Inc. (STI), an industry leader in safety and North America’s largest independent provider of student transportation services. STI operates the youngest fleet in the business with more than 13,500 vehicles, providing customers with the highest level of safe and reliable student transportation, management, logistics and technology solutions possible. STI’s services are delivered by drivers, dispatchers, maintenance technicians, terminal managers, information technology professionals and others who are caring members of their local communities. For more information, please visit www.RideSTBus.com.

The district will also continue to offer the “Safe Stop App” for parents to track the location of the buses for pick up and drop off. This feature will be ready after school starts when the routes are firmly in place.

Annual bus registration is required for all students (PK-12) who plan to ride the bus.

Free transportation is currently provided to:

• K-12 students who live one mile or more from school.
• All preschool students attending Center Early Childhood
• Eligible students with disabilities who require transportation as a related service (must be documented in the student’s IEP)
• K-5 English Language Learners (ELLs) who attend an ELL program outside their home school boundary

Information regarding district boundaries is located on the school district’s website: https://www.center.k12.mo.us

Annual bus registration is required for all students (PK-12) who plan to ride the bus.

Beginning of the School Year

Parents will register for bus transportation while completing the Online Registration (OLR) process. Parents/guardians may access bus information via a Student Transportation of America eLink starting August 6, 2018. After the start of the school year, every effort will be made to have bus information available within 24 hours. You may check the eLink after 24 hours. Depending on the number of submitted requests at any given time, 72 hours may be necessary. If you have any questions, feel free to contact STA at (816) 349-3327.

Instructions for accessing your student’s bus information via the eLink

1)Click on eLink : https://center58.thebusportal.com/Login.aspx

2)Enter your student's 10 digit ID (Student Number/MOSIS Number) in both "username" and "password" fields then click the "Login" button.
3)On the next screen, you will prompted to reset your password. Enter the same student ID as the old password, then enter a new password twice.
4)Once completed you click "Work with Students."
5)Then click "View my Students."
6)Then click on the student name and the bus information will come up.

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Short-term and Permanent Change Requests

Parents/Guardians may request changes to their student’s transportation arrangements after the beginning of the school year by contacting the school personnel directly. The building administrator or designee will consider the request, and if approved, communicate the information to STA via email. However, please note that if your family moves to a new address within the school district during the school year, residency at the new address must be verified by following district residency procedures before transportation to the new address can be arranged.

One-Day Change Requests

If parents/guardians would like for their student to ride a different bus home with another student during the school year, they may make a one-day change requests via written communication with the school directly (not STA). Two (2) notes must be received in the front office no later than 10:00 am.

1)One note from the parent of the student who is riding a different bus.
2)One note from the parent of the student who will be receiving the student.

The notes should include the following information: names of both students, date of requested change, bus number, and parent name/signature.

The building administrator or designee will consider the request. If approved, the student who is riding a different bus will receive a pass to give to the bus driver.

SAFE STOP APP NOW AVAILABLE FOR CENTER SCHOOL DISTRICT 58

• Search “SafeStop” on your Apple or Android device to download the free app.
• You can also access SafeStop on the web at www.SafeStopApp.com.
• Select “Create Account”, enter your information, and search for your school or district using your ZIP/Postal Code.
• Locate and select Center School District 58 from the list provided.
• Enter in at least one valid Student ID to complete your secure registration.
• Don’t know your Student ID? Please reach out to your school administrators.

• Once you log in to your account, select “Add A Bus Stop” and search using your home address.
• A list of routes with nearby bus stops will appear.
• Select the desired route and bus stop for your child’s morning and afternoon bus stop.
• If you have multiple children, repeat this process for each of their bus stops.
• Tap the check mark in the top-right corner to return to your Account home screen.
• NOTE: SafeStop relies on information provided by the transportation department.
• Use the Report An App Issue feature to report inaccurate route information.

• Each bus stop features a Bus Locator button and a Scheduled Arrival Time.
• In most cases, an Estimated Time of Arrival will appear once we confirm the route is being performed as planned.
• The Alerts & Messaging Center is located in the top right corner of the app, which contains messages and updates from your transportation department.

 

Special Education

Free transportation is available to eligible students with disabilities whose Individualized Education Program (IEP) team determined that they require transportation as a related service. This related service, as well as any necessary accommodations (e.g., wheelchair lift, safety restraint, bus aid, cub-to-curb service, etc.), must be documented in the student’s IEP.

Please review the following IMPORTANT information:

• Special education transportation is only available to eligible students, as determined by the IEP team and documented in the IEP.
• Special education transportation is available to and from addresses located within the Center School District boundaries.
• Center School District procedures require that someone over the age of 18 is to be at the home to receive the students after school. The district will consider written requests for exceptions to this procedural requirement.
  • If someone is not home to receive your student after school, attempts will be made to contact you or your designated emergency contacts at the numbers you have provided to the bus company and the school.
  • If someone cannot be reached to receive your student from the bus, your child will be returned to school to wait for someone to pick them up.
  • If someone cannot be reached to pick him/her up within 30 minutes of the scheduled drop-off time, school staff may contact the Kansas City Missouri Police Department or Department of Social Services to report the situation.While we fully understand that emergencies may occur, please note that school staff is not available or responsible for child care and supervision after regular school hours.
• ALL special education transportation arrangements must be made by the Parent/Guardian during the OLR process.
• Special education transportation arrangements can be made:
  • After residency has been verified at the beginning of the school year for new and returning students who were previously found eligible for special transportation. Be sure to check the box to indicate that your student’s IEP indicates the need for specialized transportation.Note: Requests must be received by August 1^st to ensure that transportation will be available by the first day of school. Requests received after the deadline may result in a delayed transportation start date.
  • When students become eligible for special education transportation during the school year. Special Education Process Coordinators will facilitate this process.
  • When parents/guardians request changes to their student’s existing transportation arrangements during the school year. To request changes to your students existing transportation arrangements, please contact Special Education Process Coordinator assigned to your student’s grade level.

Note: If your family moves to a new address within the school district during the school year, residency at the new address must be verified by following district residency procedures before transportation to the new address can be arranged.

 

Questions about transportation of students within the special education program should be directed to the Special Education Process Coordinator for your child’s school.

PK – 5^th grade: Maggie Voss - mvoss@center.k12.mo.us or (816) 612-4076   

6-12^th grade: Leah Schnare – lschnare@center.k12.mo.us or (816) 349-3624  

K-12 Outside Placements: Kila Sommer – ksommer@center.k12.mo.us or (816) 349-3415

K-12 Special Programs (Futures/CASTLE): Shawna Lopez - shlopez@center.k12.mo.us or (816) 349-3363

English Language Learners (ELL)

Free transportation is available to English Language Learner (ELL) students in grades K-5 who attend an ELL program outside their home school boundary. When registering, parents should be sure to check the box to indicate that their student attends an ELL program outside of their home school boundary.

ELL students who attend their home school should register for transportation based on the mileage from their home to school.

Questions about transportation of students within the ELL program should be directed to Sally Newell at (816) 349-3300.

Early Childhood

Free transportation is provided to all preschool students who attend Center Early Childhood.

Questions about transportation of students within the Early Childhood program should be directed to the Early Childhood Center at (816) 349-3700.

Contact Us

• Questions about student conduct, disciplinary action and/or student guidelines: School Principal
• Questions about driver conduct, bus safety, student injury, bus routes, rider eligibility: Student Transportation of America (816) 349-3327
• Questions about transportation for early childhood programs: Angela Castro (816) 349-3700
• Questions about transportation for ELL programs: Sally Newell (816) 349-3300
• Questions about transportation for special education programs:
• Special Education Process Coordinators
  • PK – 5^th grade: Maggie Voss (816) 612-4076
  • 6^th – 12^th grade: Leah Schnare (816) 349-3624
  • Outside Placements: Kila Sommer (816) 349-3415
• For more information: Assistant Superintendent – Dr. Michael Weishaar (816) 349-3320

Reliable, affordable child care services are available at all elementary schools for before and after school care for the convenience of the parents. Please contact Linc for specific information about the LINC program.

For Boone call 349-3695
For Center call 349-3469

Reliable, affordable child care services are available at all elementary schools for before and after school care for the convenience of the parents. Please contact YMCA for specific information about the program.

Contact YMCA at 913-345-9622

Alert is your first notification of danger.

ALERT is when you first become aware of a threat. The sooner you understand that you’re in danger, the sooner you can save yourself. A speedy response is critical. Seconds count.

Alert is overcoming denial, recognizing the signs of danger and receiving notifications about the danger from others. Alerts should be accepted, taken seriously, and should help you make survival decisions based on your circumstances.

Barricade the room. Prepare to EVACUATE or COUNTER if needed.

If EVACUATION is not a safe option, barricade entry points into your room in an effort to create a semi-secure starting point.

Our training explains scenarios where Lockdown may be the preferable option and dispels myths about passive, traditional ‘lockdown only’ procedures that create readily identifiable targets and makes a shooter’s mission easier. ALICE trainers instruct on practical techniques for how to better barricade a room, what to do with mobile and electronic devices, how and when to communicate with police, and how to use your time in lockdown to prepare to use other strategies (i.e. Counter or Evacuate) that might come into play should the active shooter gain entry.

Communicate the violent intruder’s location and direction in real time.

The purpose of INFORM is to continue to communicate information in as real time as possible, if it is safe to do so. Armed intruder situations are unpredictable and evolve quickly, which means that ongoing, real time information is key to making effective survival decisions. Information should always be clear, direct and in plain language, not using codes. If the shooter is known to be in an isolated section of a building, occupants in other wards can safely evacuate while those in direct danger can perform enhanced lockdown and prepare to counter.

Video surveillance, 911 calls and PA announcements are just a few of the channels that may be used by employees, safety officers, and other personnel to inform others. An emergency response plan should have clear methods outlined for informing school employees, hospital workers, or any other employees of the location of a violent intruder.

Create Noise, Movement, Distance and Distraction with the intent of reducing the shooter’s ability to shoot accurately. Counter is NOT fighting.

ALICE Training does not believe that actively confronting a violent intruder is the best method for ensuring the safety of those involved. Counter is a strategy of last resort. Counter focuses on actions that create noise, movement, distance and distraction with the intent of reducing the shooter’s ability to shoot accurately. Creating a dynamic environment decreases the shooter’s chance of hitting a target and can provide the precious seconds needed in order to evacuate.

When safe to do so, remove yourself from the danger zone.

ATI provides techniques for safer and more strategic evacuations. Evacuating to a safe area takes people out of harm’s way and hopefully prevents civilians from having to come into any contact with the shooter.

Did you know that you should break a window from the top corner as opposed to the center? Many useful techniques that civilians do not know exist and can save your life. ALICE trainers teach strategies for evacuating through windows, from higher floors and under extreme duress.